Optimal allocation of CO2 emission quotas at the city level in Bohai Rim Economic Circle based on multi-objective decision approach

As the most developed city circle in northern China, allocating CO2 emission quotas at Bohai Rim Economic Circle (BREC) level is essential for developing specific abatement policies. Thus, with reflecting multi-principles (fairness, efficiency, sustainability, and feasibility), this paper formulates quota allocation among cities BREC 2030 based on multi-objective decision approach. We first propose three schemes principles of fairness, which are conducted by entropy method, zero-sum gains data envelopment (ZSG-DEA) model, sequestration share respectively. Then, satisfaction defined used to measure feasibility principle integrated as objective function model together obtain optimal results. The results show that Beijing, Tianjin, Dalian, Shijiazhuang, Yantai, Weifang, Linyi enjoy largest quotas, having 1179.94 Mt total accounting 31%. Beijing has highest Laiwu lowest quotas. Cities large energy consumption less capacity, such Handan, Tangshan, experience a decrease shares from 2017 2030, indicating these would undertake reduction obligations. Sensitivity analysis shows Zibo, Jinan more sensitive minimum changes, experiences an increase declines thereafter. Based above, pressure reduce emissions should not only promote economic development but also improve capacity enhancing environmental protection realize targets.